Efeito de Padrões Dietéticos na Microbiota Intestinal Humana: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/nb.v23i2.3020Palavras-chave:
Microbioma gastrointestinal; padrões alimentares.Resumo
Introdução: A dieta desempenha um papel crucial no perfil microbiota intestinal (MI) humana, mas os estudos que investigam os efeitos dos padrões dietéticos na MI ainda são escassos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar os efeitos de diferentes padrões dietéticos na MI humana. Métodos: Esta revisão incluiu estudos observacionais e clínicos publicados no PubMed/MEDLINE entre 2019 e 2023. Resultados: Inicialmente, foram identificados 1.148 artigos e 12 artigos foram incluídos. Os estudos foram realizados em diversos países, predominantemente nos EUA (n=3), e a maioria deles avaliou os efeitos da dieta mediterrânea (n=3) e dieta vegetariana/vegana (n=3). Nenhum estudo incluído avaliou a dieta DASH. A dieta ocidental mostrou efeitos negativos na MI, caracterizados por um aumento de bactérias do gênero Firmicutes e uma redução na diversidade e riqueza bacteriana, associados a doenças cardiovasculares e inflamatórias. A dieta low carb apresentou resultados conflitantes entre os estudos. A dieta cetogênica parece estar associada a uma diminuição na razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, especialmente quando proteínas de soro de leite ou proteínas vegetais são as principais fontes proteicas na dieta. As dietas mediterrânea e vegetariana/vegana tiveram efeitos benéficos na MI, principalmente associados ao alto consumo de fibras de frutas, vegetais e leguminosas, resultando em uma redução na razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, um aumento na bactéria Akkermansia e uma maior produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC). Conclusão: Padrões dietéticos exercem diferentes na MI, influenciando a riqueza e a diversidade bacteriana. Recomenda-se realizar mais estudos nessa área, incluindo a investigação do impacto da dieta DASH na MI.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Mateus Pontes Silva, Thais Alves Cunha, Karla Mônica Dantas Coutinho, Lucia Leite Lais (Autor)
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