Do prato à mente: Coexistência de adição por comida, ansiedade e obesidade em crianças
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/nb.v23i3.3026Palabras clave:
Comportamento alimentar; dependência de alimentos; ansiedade; estado nutricional; obesi-dade infantil.Resumen
Introdução: Crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso estão susceptíveis ao comportamento alimentar aditivo. Objetivo: Verificar as correlações entre sintomas de adição por comida, ansiedade e estado nutricional em crianças com idade entre 8 e 12 anos. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por crianças de três escolas públicas. A coleta dos dados envolveu avaliação antropométrica com aferição de peso e estatura, cálculo do índice massa corporal (IMC) para classificação do estado nutricional conforme escores Z. Aplicou-se a escala de avaliação hedônica para preferência alimentar, escala de transtornos relacionados à ansiedade na infância (SCARED) e escala de dependência alimentar de Yale para Crianças (YFAS-C). Todos os testes estatísticos foram bicaudais e o nível de significância foi estabelecido em P<0,05. Resultados: Participaram 115 crianças, 63 meninas, com idade média de 9,9 anos. Sintomas gerais de transtorno de ansiedade foram apresentados por 38,3% (n=44), com maior frequência de ansiedade naquelas com sobrepeso ou obesidade (60%, n=32) (P=0,041). Pela escala YFAS-C, 28 crianças (24,3%) apresentavam sintomas de adição por comida, sendo “abstinência” (71,3%, n=20) o mais presente. Foi observado que 17 crianças (60,7%) apresentaram concomitantemente sintomas de adição por comida e de ansiedade (P= 0,001), e 15 crianças (27,8%) apresentavam comportamento alimentar aditivo, sintomas ansiogênicos e sobrepeso ou obesidade, sugerindo coexistência desses transtornos. Observou-se correlação moderada entre os escores do YFAS-C com o IMC (r= 0,320; P<0,001) e com o escore SCARED (r= 0,479; P<0,001). Presença de sintomas aditivos foi relacionada a maior preferência por alimentos ultraprocessados (P= 0,024). Conclusão: Descreveu-se a coexistência de adição por comida, transtorno de ansiedade e sobrepeso/obesidade em crianças.
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