Impact of diet on longevity: a literature review based on the Blue Zones model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/nb.v24i3.3076Keywords:
Diets; Longevity; Mediterranean.Abstract
Introduction: The Blue Zones are regions of the world where populations show greater longevity and quality of life. Specific dietary patterns, together with social and behavioral factors, contribute to health promotion and the prevention of chronic diseases. Objective: To analyze the impact of dietary patterns observed in the Blue Zones on human longevity, identifying foods, habits, and behaviors associated with health and chronic disease prevention. Methods: A literature review including studies published between 2018 and 2025, encompassing systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and observational studies. Studies addressing the dietary patterns of the Blue Zones and their effects on longevity and health were selected. Results: Fourteen studies were included, covering regions such as Japan, Italy, and Costa Rica. Diets based on minimally processed foods, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, with moderate consumption of animal proteins, were associated with better health outcomes. Social, environmental, and daily habits, such as community interaction and light physical activity, also had positive effects. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to the modulation of secretory factors linked to cellular senescence. Conclusion: Dietary patterns in the Blue Zones, combined with social and behavioral factors, contribute to longevity and health. However, the predominance of descriptive studies highlights the need for longitudinal research and clinical trials to understand underlying mechanisms and guide nutritional strategies and health policies aimed at healthy aging.
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