Microcephaly: Epidemiological panel of live births in the Southeast region (2021–2025) and the role of physiotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i5.1215Keywords:
Microcephaly; Live Birth; Children; Physical Therapy.Abstract
Introduction: Microcephaly is a congenital malformation characterized by a head circumference smaller than expected for sex and gestational age; it may be associated with structural and functional changes in the central nervous system, compromising the child's neuropsychomotor, cognitive, and sensory development. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of live births with microcephaly in the Southeast region of Brazil between 2021 and 2025, and to highlight the importance of physiotherapy—with an emphasis on early childhood stimulation and maternal health care—in promoting better functional outcomes and quality of life. Methods: A prospective epidemiological study using secondary data from the Monitoring Panel for Congenital Malformations, Deformities, and Chromosomal Anomalies. Data collection took place in June 2026, covering variables such as the number of live births with microcephaly, maternal age group, type of delivery, race/color, and sex of the infants. Results: The Southeast region recorded 831 live births, with a notable prevalence in the 20–24 maternal age group, as well as a predominance of cesarean sections, mixed-race (parda) infants, and female infants. The results highlight the need to strengthen rehabilitation efforts starting in the first months of life. Microcephaly is frequently associated with developmental delays, necessitating consistent and early physical therapy intervention. Conclusion: Microcephaly remains a significant public health issue in the Southeast region, highlighting the need to strengthen prenatal care, early diagnosis, and access to specialized rehabilitation services. In this context, physical therapy plays an essential role in the early stimulation of children and in comprehensive maternal health care, contributing to better motor and functional outcomes and improved quality of life for children with microcephaly and their families.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Beatriz Lima Resende , Júlia Enes Medeiros Silva , Tamires de Abreu Cosendey, Marco Antônio Masochin , Filipe Alves Costa Barbosa (Autor)
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