Pré-habilitação para condicionamento funcional e desfechos pós-operatórios na cirurgia abdominal oncológica: Uma revisão de literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i5.1231

Palabras clave:

Exercício Pré-Operatório; Cuidados Pré-Operatórios; Neoplasias Abdominais; Modalidades de Fisioterapia; Complicações Pós-Operatórias.

Resumen

Introdução: A cirurgia é o principal tratamento curativo dos tumores sólidos abdominais, mas associa-se a morbidade elevada e a declínio funcional, sobretudo em pacientes idosos, frágeis ou com baixa reserva fisiológica. A pré-habilitação reúne intervenções pré-operatórias multimodais de exercício físico, otimização nutricional e suporte psicológico, propostas para ampliar a capacidade funcional antes do trauma cirúrgico e favorecer a recuperação. Objetivo: Descreveu-se o conjunto de evidências disponíveis sobre pré-habilitação em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal oncológica, com ênfase no condicionamento funcional, no risco operatório e na recuperação pós-operatória. Métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura. As buscas foram realizadas entre agosto e novembro de 2025 nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), acessada por meio do PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) e Cochrane Library, com descritores dos vocabulários Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) combinados por operadores booleanos. A seleção ocorreu por leitura de títulos e resumos e, em seguida, dos textos completos. Resultados: Há melhora consistente da capacidade funcional pré-operatória, mensurada sobretudo pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos, e sinalização de redução das complicações pulmonares, embora parte dessa evidência provenha de populações cirúrgicas não exclusivamente oncológicas; os efeitos sobre complicações graves e mortalidade permanecem inconsistentes. Os benefícios parecem mais expressivos em programas multimodais, supervisionados e direcionados a pacientes de maior risco. Propõe-se um modelo prático de estratificação e indicação clínica. Conclusão: A pré-habilitação é estratégia fisiologicamente plausível e coerente com a atuação fisioterapêutica e multiprofissional, embora sua incorporação rotineira deva ser gradual e apoiada em evidências mais robustas.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Rafael Viana dos Santos Coutinho, UFBA

    Médico, RQE: 29566 pela Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil

  • Laís Silva de Toledo, Unifenas

    Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (Unifenas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

  • Giulia Malaco Fernandino, PUC-MG

    Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

  • João Vitor de Mello Carvalho Pimenta, Faculdade Pitágoras de Medicina

    Faculdade Pitágoras de Medicina de Eunápolis, Eunápolis, BA, Brasil

  • Adriana Mattedi Soares, PUC-RS

    Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Publicado

2026-08-04

Cómo citar

Pré-habilitação para condicionamento funcional e desfechos pós-operatórios na cirurgia abdominal oncológica: Uma revisão de literatura. (2026). Fisioterapia Brasil, 27(5), 3949-3965. https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i5.1231

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