Physiotherapy after gynecologic surgery: a narrative review of functional recovery and complication management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i8.1289Keywords:
Early Ambulation; Pelvic Floor; Lymphedema; Postoperative Care; Hysterectomy.Abstract
Introduction: Gynecologic surgery may impair mobility, respiratory function, activity, the pelvic floor, and the lymphatic system, but physiotherapy evidence varies across procedures. Objective: To describe and discuss physiotherapy interventions after gynecologic surgery, focusing on functional recovery and the prevention or management of complications. Methods: A narrative review with a structured search was conducted throughout August 2026 in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online through PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Descriptors for gynecologic surgery, physical therapy, rehabilitation, early ambulation, exercise, pelvic floor, and postoperative complications were combined. Publications from January 2021 to August 2026 were prioritized, while older studies with direct relevance were retained. Eligible sources included guidelines, reviews, and clinical or observational studies involving adult women and outcomes pertinent to postoperative physiotherapy. Titles and abstracts were screened before eligible sources were assessed; synthesis was descriptive, critical, and qualitative. Results: Early mobilization and graded activity support active recovery, although their isolated effect on complications remains uncertain. Routine respiratory techniques showed no consistent benefit. Electrical stimulation may assist pain and recovery in selected settings. Pelvic floor muscle training produced mixed findings, and lymphedema interventions were promising but usually multicomponent. Direct evidence is limited and heterogeneous. Conclusion: Physiotherapy should be individualized to the procedure, risk, symptoms, and functional deficits, using safe mobilization and targeted interventions rather than a universal protocol.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alexandre Cardoso Schmidt, Jamile Zampieri Fernandes, Lucas Cândido Mayer, João Fontella e Silva, Luiza Orige de Azevedo (Autor)
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