Epidemiological profile of asthma morbidity in children under 9 years of age in Minas Gerais (2016–2025) and the role of respiratory physiotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i5.1209Keywords:
Asthma; Child; Morbidity; Epidemiology; Physical Therapy Modalities.Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow limitation, which is generally reversible either spontaneously or following treatment. Objective: This study describes the profile of children under nine years of age hospitalized for asthma in Minas Gerais, relating this to the importance of respiratory physiotherapy in the context of the diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using secondary data from the Hospital Information System; data collection took place in July 2026, covering the period from 2016 to 2025, and the variables analyzed included processing year, race/color, sex, and type of care. Results: A total of 51,351 asthma-related hospitalizations among children under nine years of age were recorded in Minas Gerais between 2016 and 2025. Temporal variation was observed, with the lowest number of hospitalizations in 2020 (3,077; 5.99%)—possibly due to COVID-19 pandemic control measures—and the highest in 2022 (6,404; 12.47%), followed by a slight decrease in subsequent years. Hospitalizations were predominantly among children of mixed race (*pardos*) (62.91%) and males (55.4%), with 99.8% of cases involving urgent care. These findings corroborate scientific literature by demonstrating that asthma remains a major cause of pediatric hospitalization, influenced by environmental and social factors as well as challenges in clinical disease control. In this context, the role of respiratory physiotherapy stands out as an essential component of multidisciplinary care, contributing to improved lung function, respiratory rehabilitation, health education, the prevention of exacerbations, and a reduction in readmissions. Conclusion: Asthma represents a significant public health issue among the child population of Minas Gerais, underscoring the need to strengthen prevention efforts, early diagnosis, and continuous follow-up within Primary Health Care, as well as to expand physiotherapy services, with the aim of reducing morbidity and hospitalizations and promoting a better quality of life for children affected by the disease.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Luiza Valadares e Pereira, Pedro Henrique Santana Duda Benedicto, Gabriele Vieira Monteiro, Filipe Alves Costa Barbosa (Autor)
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