Desigualdades sociales, funcionalidad y calidad de vida en personas mayores en la Atención Primaria de Salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/gb.v2i2.0013Palabras clave:
Envejecimiento; Factores Socioeconómicos; Epidemiología Social; Calidad de Vida.Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar las desigualdades sociales en la relación entre los indicadores de capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en personas mayores usuarias de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de 201 personas mayores atendidas en la atención primaria en una ciudad de Minas Gerais. Los indicadores de capacidad funcional fueron movilidad, movilidad con tareas motoras y cognitivas duales, fuerza de prensión manual y fuerza de miembros inferiores. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante la versión abreviada del World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BRIEF) con 26 ítems, calculándose las puntuaciones totales y por dominios. Las desigualdades sociales investigadas incluyeron sexo, grupo de edad, escolaridad y suficiencia de ingresos. Se realizaron pruebas t de Student y correlación de Pearson, con un nivel de significancia del 5%, además de análisis descriptivos. Resultados: La muestra se caracterizó por mayoría de mujeres (77,1%;n=155), edad entre 60 y 74 años (79,1%;n=159), menor escolaridad (54,7%;n=110) e ingresos insuficientes (67,2%;n=135). Los indicadores de capacidad funcional se correlacionaron con la calidad de vida entre los adultos mayores más jóvenes, mujeres, aquellos con mayor escolaridad y con ingresos insuficientes. Conclusión: Existen desigualdades sociales en las relaciones entre los indicadores de capacidad funcional y calidad de vida, especialmente en cuanto al sexo y la suficiencia de ingresos, lo que demuestra que entre las mujeres y las personas mayores con ingresos insuficientes, el deterioro de la capacidad funcional puede tener un mayor impacto en la calidad de vida. Las pruebas de movilidad con tareas motoras y cognitivas duales pueden contribuir al seguimiento efectivo del funcionamiento y a la prevención de su deterioro en personas mayores atendidas en la atención primaria en salud.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juliana Martins Pinto, Claudio Mardey Nogueira, Luciana Rocha Nunes Nogueira, Yunara Fernandes Venturelli , Gabrielly Fernanda Silva , Thalyta Isis de Matos Pires, Paulo Henrique Ferreira de Araujo Barbosa (Autor)
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