Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of adult and elderly patients eligible for Palliative Care assisted by the speech-language pathology team of a University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Palliative care is a care model aimed at optimizing the well-being of individuals living with serious and progressive illnesses. In this context, the speech-language pathologist plays vital roles, applying strategies that ensure the feasibility of safe swallowing and the mediation of effective communication. Objective: The clinical and sociodemographic profile of individuals eligible to receive Palliative Care under speech-language pathology follow-up in a university hospital unit was described, evaluating the repercussions of therapeutic interventions and the evolution of nutritional routes. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive investigation was carried out based on 104 medical records of adult and elderly individuals with life-limiting conditions, assisted between April 2025 and January 2026. Variables were processed using descriptive statistical tools and inferential association tests. Results: There was a predominance of females (54.81%; n=57), as well as individuals over 60 years old (76.92%; n=80). Most individuals lived in socially vulnerable regions and presented oncological conditions (75.96%; n=79) with multiple comorbidities (89.42%; n=93). Dysphagia was the most prevalent clinical manifestation, corresponding to 52.90% (55) of cases. Speech-language pathology care enabled an increase in oral feeding from 47.12% (49) to 63.46% (66), reducing dependence on alternative devices. Agreement of the interprofessional team with speech-language pathology conduct reached 95.2% (100). Conclusion: Speech-language pathology intervention proved to be decisive for nutritional safety and patient dignity in palliative care, favoring the maintenance of oral feeding. The findings reinforce the urgency of strengthening palliative support and multiprofessional integration.