Impacto das doenças sistêmicas na mecânica respiratória avaliada pela oscilometria de impulso: Uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i4.1200Palavras-chave:
Oscilometria; Mecânica Respiratória; Obesidade; Síndrome Metabólica; Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica.Resumo
Introduction: Systemic diseases that are not primarily pulmonary may affect respiratory mechanics through inflammatory, metabolic, vascular, and mechanical mechanisms, producing functional abnormalities that are not always identified by conventional methods. Objective: To analyze the evidence on the impact of non-respiratory systemic diseases on respiratory mechanics in adults assessed by impulse oscillometry. Methods: This was an integrative literature review, conducted based on a guiding question developed according to population, interest, and context. The search was performed in PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), considering original studies published in the last fifteen years, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with full text available. Studies involving adults with systemic diseases that are not primarily pulmonary, in which respiratory mechanics were assessed by impulse oscillometry, were included. Study selection was performed by title and abstract screening, followed by full-text assessment. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: A total of 117 records were identified, of which ten studies composed the final sample. Observational studies predominated, with a greater concentration on obesity and excess weight, in addition to metabolic syndrome, systemic arterial hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, systemic sclerosis, and hepatic steatosis. The findings showed a predominance of resistive abnormalities, accompanied by signs of ventilatory heterogeneity and possible distal involvement, including individuals with preserved spirometry. Conclusion: Non-pulmonary systemic diseases may affect respiratory mechanics in adults, and impulse oscillometry constitutes a sensitive complementary tool for detecting subclinical functional alterations in respiratory mechanics.
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