Impact of systemic diseases on respiratory mechanics assessed by impulse oscillometry: An integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i4.1200Keywords:
Oscillometry; Respiratory Mechanics; Obesity; Metabolic Syndrome; Hypertension.Abstract
Introdução: Doenças sistêmicas não primariamente pulmonares podem repercutir sobre a mecânica respiratória por mecanismos inflamatórios, metabólicos, vasculares e mecânicos, produzindo alterações funcionais nem sempre identificadas por métodos convencionais. Objetivo: Analisou-se as evidências sobre o impacto de doenças sistêmicas não respiratórias na mecânica respiratória de adultos avaliada pela oscilometria de impulso. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida a partir de pergunta norteadora elaborada segundo população, interesse e contexto. A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), considerando estudos originais publicados nos últimos quinze anos, em português, inglês ou espanhol, com texto completo disponível. Foram incluídos estudos com adultos com doenças sistêmicas não primariamente pulmonares, nos quais a mecânica respiratória foi avaliada por oscilometria de impulso. A seleção ocorreu por leitura de títulos e resumos, seguida da avaliação dos textos completos. Os dados foram extraídos e sintetizados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Foram identificados 117 registros, dos quais dez estudos compuseram a amostra final. Predominaram estudos observacionais, com maior concentração em obesidade e excesso de peso, além de síndrome metabólica, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, hipertensão arterial pulmonar, esclerose sistêmica e esteatose hepática. Os achados evidenciaram predomínio de alterações resistivas, acompanhadas por sinais de heterogeneidade ventilatória e possível acometimento distal, inclusive em indivíduos com espirometria preservada. Conclusão: Doenças sistêmicas não pulmonares podem repercutir na mecânica respiratória de adultos, e a oscilometria de impulso constitui ferramenta complementar sensível para a detecção de alterações funcionais respiratórias subclínicas.
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