Functional Capacity in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Undergoing Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction: Post-COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, often leading to reduced functional capacity and impaired quality of life. Physiotherapy has emerged as an important rehabilitation strategy for these patients; however, considerable variability exists among the rehabilitation protocols currently used. Objective: To evaluate the effects of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation on functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome through a meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. Clinical trials and observational studies involving adults with Long COVID undergoing physiotherapy interventions were included. Comparator groups received usual care or alternative interventions. Outcomes assessed included functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model. Results: Functional improvement was observed in the majority of studies. The meta-analysis of studies with comparable data showed a significant increase in the distance covered in the six-minute walk test in favour of physiotherapy rehabilitation (MD = 43.5 m; 95% CI: 28.4–58.6). Furthermore, consistent improvements were observed in exercise tolerance and quality of life. Conclusion: Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation provides significant benefits for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, improving functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. These findings support the inclusion of physiotherapy as a key component of Long COVID management, contributing to symptom reduction, functional recovery, and restoration of independence.