Epidemiological dashboard of hospitalizations for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil (2016–2025) and the role of postoperative respiratory physiotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i5.1206Keywords:
Cholelithiasis; Cholecystitis; Epidemiology; Physiotherapy.Abstract
Introduction: Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are conditions affecting the biliary tract, with cholecystectomy considered the gold-standard treatment for cholelithiasis. Respiratory physiotherapy stands out as a key therapeutic approach for preventing and treating postoperative pulmonary complications, contributing to a faster recovery of patients' pulmonary function and functional capacity. Objective: To describe the profile of individuals hospitalized for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil and correlate this with the importance of postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: This is a retrospective, quantitative study using data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) specifically hospital morbidity records from the Unified Health System (SUS). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, followed by data tabulation covering the period from 2016 to 2025. Results: Between 2016 and 2025, Brazil recorded 2,991,442 hospitalizations for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Predominant characteristics included the Southeast region, the 40–49 age group, mixed-race (parda) individuals, males, and elective procedures. There was an overall upward trend, except in 2020 and 2021, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Southeast region, females, mixed-race individuals, and the 40–49 age group were the most affected. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile revealed that the majority of hospitalizations were elective, highlighting the importance of surgical management. The data show an increase in hospitalizations, with women and middle-aged adults most affected, indicating a public health issue. Prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and costs. Respiratory physiotherapy is fundamental to post-surgical rehabilitation, aiding in the prevention of complications, early mobilization, and the recovery of function. The presence of physiotherapists on the healthcare team is an important strategy for improving clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.
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