Epidemiological profile of live births with Down syndrome in Minas Gerais (2021-2025) and the role of Physiotherapy

Abstract

Introduction: Commonly called trisomy 21, it is clinically recognized by the characteristic phenotype associated with its karyotype, with a single additional chromosome 21 present in 95% of cases. Objective: This study described the profile of live births with Down syndrome in Minas Gerais, and its relationship to the importance of physiotherapy. Methods: This is a retrospective and quantitative approach. The data source used will be linked to the Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases of the Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, available in the Monitoring Panel of Congenital Malformations, Deformities and Chromosomal Anomalies, adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria, and subsequently tabulating the data, between the years 2021 and 2025. Results: Minas Gerais registered 496 births during the period, with a predominance of births among women aged 35 or older, especially in the 40 years and older age group, with a slight predominance of men, while the analysis of the type of delivery revealed a high frequency of cesarean sections. Early physiotherapy intervention favors the development of basic motor skills, including cervical control, the ability to sit, crawl, stand and walk. Conclusion: The epidemiological overview in the state revealed 496 records of trisomy 21, with analysis showing that cases varied annually, with an increase in 2025 and 2023. This highlights the importance of physiotherapy, which plays an essential role in promoting neuropsychomotor development, stimulating the acquisition of motor milestones, preventing musculoskeletal complications, and promoting greater functional autonomy.