Epidemiology, morbidity and mortality, and management of acute myocardial infarction: An integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i9.1306Keywords:
Myocardial Infarction; Epidemiology; Mortality; Morbidity; Treatment.Abstract
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality and a significant demand for hospital care. Its occurrence varies across time, demographics, and regions, while prognosis is directly linked to early recognition and the timely initiation of treatment. Objective: To synthesize available evidence on the epidemiological profile of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)—considering aspects related to hospitalizations, incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates—and to analyze key management and care strategies for affected patients, with an emphasis on treatment and clinical management in an emergency setting. Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and BVS databases on September 21, 2026, using descriptors and terms related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), epidemiology, morbidity and mortality, diagnosis, and treatment. Sixty-four records were identified, 24 of which were duplicates. After screening, 20 articles were evaluated in full text, and four met the inclusion criteria, forming the final sample. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Results: The studies demonstrated the significance of AMI as a cause of hospitalization and mortality, with variations based on time period, region, sex, and age group. A higher frequency of hospitalizations was observed among men and older individuals, alongside sex-based differences in incidence and case-fatality rates. The supplementary literature also highlighted the importance of organizing care pathways, early diagnosis, and the rapid initiation of therapeutic strategies. In emergency management, reperfusion proved fundamental—particularly in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)—with coronary angioplasty serving as a key therapeutic strategy and fibrinolysis as an alternative in specific situations. Conclusion: AMI remains a condition with a major epidemiological and healthcare impact. Strengthening cardiovascular prevention, epidemiological surveillance, early recognition, timely access to treatment, and continuity of care is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and promote better clinical outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sofia Ramos Santos , Ana Beatriz de Moraes Souza Nunes , Matheus Gontijo Guimarães Gaia , Gustavo Gonçalves Villas Boas, Filipe Alves Costa Barbosa (Autor)
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