Epidemiological profile, mortality, and rehabilitation aspects of stroke in Brazil: An integrative literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a major public health problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, and functional disability. In Brazil, its occurrence varies according to sociodemographic characteristics and geographic distribution, while also generating healthcare demands that range from emergency care to rehabilitation. Sequelae resulting from the event can compromise mobility, balance, gait, and functional independence, making continuity of care essential for the recovery of affected individuals. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the epidemiological profile, mortality, and aspects related to the rehabilitation of stroke patients in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, with searches performed in September 2026. Descriptors and terms related to stroke, epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, rehabilitation, and access to health services were used; these were organized into conceptual themes and combined using the Boolean operator AND. Initially, 180 records were identified; after removing 85 duplicates, 95 studies underwent screening, 40 were evaluated in full text, and eight comprised the final sample. Results: The studies revealed a significant burden of hospitalizations and mortality associated with stroke, with a notable contribution from older age groups and differences based on sex, race/color, and geographic distribution. Regional and temporal variations in indicators were observed; these must be interpreted considering population denominators and the methodological specificities of the studies. Beyond epidemiological outcomes, motor and functional consequences requiring follow-up and rehabilitation were identified, as well as inequalities in access to these services. Family support and physiotherapy also proved to be relevant components of post-stroke recovery. The included studies predominantly addressed aspects related to hospitalizations, mortality, and the epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics of stroke patients, including variations by sex, age group, race/color, geographic region, and the period analyzed. Conclusion: Stroke remains a condition with a significant epidemiological and healthcare impact in Brazil. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen prevention efforts, timely care, and integration across different levels of care, as well as to expand equitable access to and the continuity of rehabilitation. Further studies with greater methodological rigor and standardized indicators are needed to deepen the understanding of epidemiological and care-related inequalities and to inform strategies aimed at reducing morbidity, mortality, and disabilities resulting from stroke.