Fisioterapia pulmonar na condição pós-COVID: Uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i6.1216Palavras-chave:
COVID Longa; Síndrome de Pós-COVID-19 Aguda; Reabilitação; Exercícios Respiratórios; Metanálise.Resumo
Introdução: A COVID longa abrange pacientes que permanecem sintomáticos após a fase aguda da doença, caracterizando-se pela persistência ou surgimento de sintomas após 12 semanas da resolução da infecção. Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento da fase aguda, ainda existem aspectos que necessitam esclarecimento quanto à recuperação dos pacientes, prevenção de sequelas e estratégias para mitigar sintomas. Objetivo: Descreveu-se sobre a eficácia da fisioterapia pulmonar estruturada em adultos com sequelas pós-COVID-19. Métodos: Revisão sistemática com meta-análise. Realizou-se buscas nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed/MEDLINE), Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Foram incluídos estudos com adultos, submetidos à síntese qualitativa e meta-análise. Resultados: A pesquisa inicial identificou 2.329 registros. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 15 ensaios clínicos foram selecionados para análise qualitativa. As intervenções avaliadas incluíram treinamento muscular inspiratório, exercícios respiratórios, reabilitação pulmonar presencial, reabilitação cardiopulmonar, telereabilitação e programas multimodais. Conclusão: A reabilitação pulmonar e cardiopulmonar estruturada promove benefícios clinicamente relevantes em adultos com condição pós-COVID-19. Evidenciou-se melhora consistente na capacidade funcional objetiva, principalmente pelo aumento da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (6MWD), além de impactos positivos na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular ventilatória. As evidências sumarizadas sustentam a inserção da reabilitação cardiopulmonar como pilar terapêutico no manejo da COVID longa, exigindo, contudo, prescrição guiada pelo fenótipo clínico.
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