Contraindicaciones y efectos adversos de la realidad virtual inmersiva como herramienta terapéutica: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v26i1.1049Palabras clave:
Realidad Virtual; Terapia de Exposición Mediante Realidad Virtual; Evento Adverso; Contraindicaciones; Contraindicaciones de Los Procedimientos, Rehabilitación; Servicios de Rehabilitación.Resumen
Introducción: El uso terapéutico de la realidad virtual crece exponencialmente como tratamiento para patologías, presentando evidencia sobre los beneficios asociados al uso de la realidad virtual inmersiva (RVI). La RVI se cerciora que la experiencia vivida se asemeje a un escenario objetivo, ya que logra una aparente encarnación. No obstante, los usuarios podrían experimentar incomodidades y reportar sintomatología adversa, de los cuales existe escasa información. Objetivo: Describir contraindicaciones y efectos adversos de la realidad virtual inmersiva reportados en la literatura científica. Métodos: Estudio secundario; revisión exploratoria. Se seleccionaron artículos científicos de las bases de datos PubMed y Scielo, y de fuentes de literatura gris como Google académico, Trip database y Open Grey. Se incluyeron estudios en adultos (>18 años), con uso de RVI como herramienta terapéutica, estudios primarios (observacionales y experimentales). Se realizó filtro por título, abstract y texto completo. Se excluyeron estudios secundarios, sin objetivo de tratamiento, cartas al editor, opiniones, recomendaciones y comentarios. Variables bibliométricas y de interés (efectos adversos, contraindicaciones, área kinésica) fueron extraídas y dispuestas en una matriz de extracción de datos en Excel. Resultados: De los 5947 artículos encontrados, se descartaron 912 duplicados y se excluyeron 5035, quedando 293 artículos incluidos. Se reportaron 51 efectos adversos/secundarios por parte de los participantes o investigadores; siendo los más reportados mareos (13,2%), nauseas (11,1%), sensación de inestabilidad (7,7%), cybersickness (5.5%). Las contraindicaciones descritas fueron mareos (19%), la fatiga (9,5%) y las náuseas (7,1%). Conclusión: Existe diversidad de efectos adversos y contraindicaciones descritos en la literatura científica. Futuras investigaciones debieran categorizar los riesgos descritos bajo criterios consensuados para prevenir eventuales incidentes.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Maria Josefina Undurraga-Tschischow, Antonia Sales-Avila, Maria Jesus Fierro-Larenas, Sebastian Lama-Andrade, Pablo Suarez-Vergara, Barbara Muñoz-Monari, Maria Jesus Mena-Iturriaga (Autor)
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