Epidemiological overview of morbidity due to intracranial hemorrhage in Brazil (2016–2025) and the role of physiotherapy in the functional care of these patients

Abstract

Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage is a major neurological emergency characterized by high morbidity and mortality, as well as a significant impact on the healthcare system due to the need for immediate care, prolonged hospital stays, and specialized rehabilitation. Objective: The epidemiological profile of hospital admissions for intracranial hemorrhage in Brazil between 2016 and 2025 was described, considering sociodemographic and clinical variables, and the importance of the role of physical therapy in the hospital care and functional rehabilitation of these patients was discussed. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in accordance with STROBE guidelines, using secondary data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS/DATASUS). Admissions for intracranial hemorrhage recorded between 2016 and 2025 were analyzed, considering the year of processing, region, age group, race/color, sex, and type of care. Data were organized in Microsoft Excel 2019 and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: During the analyzed period, 309,456 admissions were recorded, showing an upward trend over the historical series, rising from the lowest figure in 2017 (27,216; 8.79%) to the highest in 2025 (36,786; 11.89%). The Southeast region accounted for the highest number of cases (136,463; 44.1%), followed by the Northeast (24.0%). The 60–69 age group showed the highest frequency of admissions (22.19%), followed by individuals aged 50–59 (21.46%). There was a predominance of individuals self-identifying as mixed-race (*pardos*) (44.23%), males (51.8%), and urgent care admissions (93.4%). The findings corroborate existing literature by highlighting a higher incidence among older adults and underscore the significant care demands associated with the condition. In this context, the importance of physical therapy is emphasized regarding the prevention of respiratory and musculoskeletal complications, early mobilization, functional recovery, gait training, and the promotion of independence, all of which contribute to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life. Conclusion: Hospitalizations due to intracranial hemorrhage showed a progressive increase in Brazil between 2016 and 2025, predominantly in the Southeast region, among individuals aged 60 to 69, mixed-race individuals, and men, and primarily involving emergency care. These results reinforce the need to strengthen prevention efforts, early diagnosis, and the organization of care pathways within the Unified Health System (SUS). Physical therapy is an indispensable component of multidisciplinary care, playing a pivotal role in preventing complications, facilitating functional recovery, and promoting independence, while also supporting strategies to enhance the quality of care and expand access to rehabilitation.