Impact of locomotor training on motor function in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i6.1218Keywords:
Multiple Sclerosis; Neuronal Plasticity; Motor Activity.Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory and degenerative processes that lead to demyelination and progressive axonal damage. As a consequence, individuals with MS frequently experience motor impairments, gait disturbances, persistent fatigue, and cognitive deficits, which negatively affect autonomy and quality of life. In this context, therapeutic approaches aimed at stimulating neuroplasticity play a fundamental role, as they may enhance compensatory neural mechanisms, help preserve locomotor function, and reduce the functional impact of the disease. Objective: The effects of different locomotor training modalities on functional recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis were described. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Studies published between 2022 and 2026 involving adults with multiple sclerosis undergoing locomotor interventions were included. A database search was performed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system (GRADE). Results: Three randomized controlled trials and one prospective controlled study involving 232 participants met the inclusion criteria. Considerable methodological heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Most studies presented low risk of bias, with some concerns identified in one randomized controlled trial. Overall, locomotor training interventions demonstrated favorable effects on gait performance, mobility, functional capacity, and markers of neuroplasticity. Conclusion: Locomotor training is a promising intervention for enhancing neuroplasticity and improving motor function in patients with multiple sclerosis. Complementary strategies, such as robotic-assisted therapy and interval training, may further potentiate these effects. The findings suggest that movement-based physiotherapy promotes positive neural adaptations, resulting in functional gains and greater independence.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriela Laraia Pinheiro de Medeiros, Luiza de Souza Nunes, Daniela Borges Mielke, Laura Tomaz Silva, Lara Peron Reis (Autor)
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