Epidemiological Profile of Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Brazil between 2016 and 2025 and the Role of Physiotherapy in Diagnosis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i4.1188

Keywords:

Tuberculosis; Epidemiology; Physical Therapy Modalities.

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, also known as Koch's bacillus. The disease spreads through the inhalation of droplets containing the bacillus, released by infected individuals, and the lungs are the primary affected area. Objective: This study described the profile of individuals hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil and its relationship to the importance of pulmonary physiotherapy in the context of diagnosis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, using data from DATASUS (Brazilian Unified Health System), through SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) hospital morbidity data, adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria, and subsequently tabulating the data. Results: Over 10 years, Brazil recorded 105,122 cases of hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis, predominantly in the Southeast region, with an age range of 40 to 49 years, brown skin color, and male sex. This scenario can be directly associated with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services. Both national and international research indicates that the pandemic negatively impacted early diagnosis, case tracking, treatment continuity, and epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis. The relevance of physiotherapy in the comprehensive care of individuals affected by pulmonary tuberculosis is highlighted, especially in cases with respiratory impairment and functional limitations resulting from the disease. Conclusion: Physiotherapy is essential for the care of patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, helping to preserve and recover lung function, preventing additional pathologies, and improving the ability to perform activities while undergoing treatment. Through the use of bronchial cleansing techniques, breathing exercises, and physical strengthening, the physiotherapist helps to alleviate symptoms, increase resistance, and encourage autonomy in daily tasks.

Author Biographies

  • Isabela Condé Gomes , Centro Universitário Univértix

    Centro Universitário Univértix, Matipó, MG, Brasil

  • Bruna Lívia Lage Ladeira, UNEC

    Acadêmica de Medicina do Centro Universitário de Caratinga (UNEC), Caratinga, MG, Brasil

  • Camila Vaz Fernandes , UniBH

    Médica pelo Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte (UniBH), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

  • Luiz Chaves Mendes, UNEC

    Orientador, Médico pelo Centro Universitário de Caratinga (UNEC), MG, Brasil CRM: 55258-MG, RQE: 69708

References

Lemos ESA. ANÁLISE DAS INTERNAÇÕES POR TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR NO ESTADO DO ACRE NO PERÍODO DE 2013 A 2023: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO. RECIMA21-Revista Científica Multidisciplinar-ISSN 2675-6218 [Internet]. 2025 Out 19 [cited 2026 May 25] 6(10):e6106854-e6106854. Available from:https://recima21.com.br/recima21/article/view/6854. DOI: 10.47820/recima21.v6i10.6854

Silva CM, Mallard NF, Araújo CIC, Guddi AB, Ferreira NT, Brandão DG, Martins MCS, Rocha LFR. PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DAS INTERNAÇÕES POR TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR NO RIO DE JANEIRO DE 2012 A 2023. Revista Pulmão [Internet] 2025 Nov 12 [cited 2026 May 25] 33(3):1-1. Available from: https://revistapulmaorj.sopterj.com.br/index.php/ojs/article/view/267.

Machado MR, Capelli DG, Medeiros RCDM, Cartaxo HB. Casos confirmados e internações por tuberculose pulmonar na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos no Brasil entre 2017 e 2021: Casos confirmados e internações por tuberculose no Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences [Internet], 2023 Out 17 [cited 2026 May 25] 5(5):1165-1177. Available from: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/618. DOI: 10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p1165-1177

Teixeira LM, Palmeira IP, Matos WDV, Sousa RF, Monteiro YC, Vale CC, Oliveira LL. Concepções sobre tratamento e diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar para quem a vivencia. Escola Anna Nery [Internet]. 2023 Jan 06 [cited 2026 May 25] 27(1):e20220156. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/ean/a/TLvj6CG4kCMHkdqgvhJqDjK/?lang=pt. DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2022-0156pt

Cunha DL, Rossetti ML, Nunes ET, Martins EBL, Ferreira AM, Ribeiro SC. Relevância da correlação entre achados tomográficos e laboratoriais na precisão diagnóstica da tuberculose pulmonar. Radiologia brasileira [Internet]. 2024 May 27 [cited 2026 May 25] 57(1):e20230079en. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/rb/a/JbTjQ7WxmHzTWwYrYCjYkwy/?lang=pt. DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0079

Lima MP, Arrais JFA, Campos YM, Silva AF, Fernandes WCT, Gomes RLM. Abordagem fisioterapêutica na tuberculose pulmonar: revisão integrativa de literatura. Revista Uningá [Internet]. 2020 Out 06 [cited 2026 May 25] 57(3):1-12. https://revista.uninga.br/uninga/article/view/2976. DOI: 10.46311/2318-0579.57.eUJ2976

Fonseca IMPP, Oliveira JGM, Lima TFA, Ferreira IN, Gonçalves ACP, Borges JR, Mafort TT, Lopes AJ. MODIFICAÇÕES DA REABILITAÇÃO DOMICILIAR SOBRE A FUNÇÃO PULMONAR, A CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL E A FORÇA MUSCULAR PERIFÉRICA EM PESSOAS COM DOENÇA PULMONAR PÓS-TUBERCULOSE. Revista Pulmão [Internet]. 2025 Nov 12 [cited 2026 May 25] 33(3):1-2. Available from: https://revistapulmaorj.sopterj.com.br/index.php/ojs/article/view/218.

Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. The Lancet [Internet]. 2007 Oct [cited 2026 May 25]; 370(9596):1453–7. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)61602-X/fulltext. DOI: S0140-6736(07)61602-X

Rouquayrol [Internet]. Google Books. 2021 [cited 2026 May 25]. Available from:https://books.google.com/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=I70oEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1944&dq=Rouquayrol+Epidemiologia+e+sa%C3%BAde.+Rio+de+Janeiro:+MedBook+Editora&ots=BN9pMGaewr&sig=BJEDcVO0cnz76PpE37sE_6clKSo.

Brasil | Cidades e Estados | IBGE [Internet]. [cited 2026 May 25]. www.ibge.gov.br. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados.

Resolução no 510, de 07 de abril de 2016 — Conselho Nacional de Saúde [Internet]. Www.gov.br. 2016 [cited 2026 May 25]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/conselho-nacional-de-saude/pt-br/atos-normativos/resolucoes/2016/resolucao-no-510.pdf/view.

Pereira GH, Sarges AF, Garcia CS, Ribeiro LAL, Ribeiro AK, Machado LC, Ribeiro RIM, Amorim MAA. Análise do perfil epidemiológico e internações de pacientes com tuberculose no município de Pinheiro-Maranhão entre 2019-2024. Research, Society and Development [Internet]. 2024 Dez 15 [cited 2026 May 25] 13(12): e169131247775-e169131247775. Available from: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/47775. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47775

Santos GM, Carrijo AMM, Paulinelli AJC, Queiroz GA, Silva LLC, Oliveira SV. Hospitalizações por tuberculose na Região Sudeste: uma análise epidemiológica. Revista de Medicina [Internet]. 2023 Mar 31 [cited 2026 May 25] 102(2):e-197288. Available from: https://revistas.usp.br/revistadc/pt_BR/article/view/197288/192660. DOI: 10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102i2e-197288

Bhering M, Millon C, Rinaldi MEBR, Oliveira HMMG. Fatores preditivos para a evasão hospitalar nas internações por tuberculose no estado do Rio de Janeiro, de 2011 a 2018: estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde [Internet] 2024 Out 14 [cited 2026 May 25] 33(1):e20231202. Available from: https://www.scielosp.org/article/ress/2024.v33/e20231202/pt/. DOI: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231202.pt

Vieira BSS, Gonçalves SJC, Rocha GBV. Análise epidemiológica da tuberculose pulmonar confirmados pelo SUS no estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2010-2019. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação [Internet], 2022 Set 30 [cited 2026 May 25] 8(9):685-699. Available from:https://periodicorease.pro.br/rease/article/view/6828. DOI: 10.51891/rease.v8i9.6828

Vieira RS, Guimarães AO. Aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes internados por Tuberculose no estado de Sergipe entre os anos de 2019 e 2023. Research, Society and Development [Internet]. 2025 Nov 01 [cited 2026 May 25] 14(11) e03141149828-e03141149828. Available from: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49828. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i11.49828

Silva DR, Santos AP, Visca D, Bombarda S, Dalcolmo MMP, Galvão T, Miranda SS, Parente AAAI, Rabahi MF, Sales RKB, Migliori GB, Mello FCQ. Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia para o manejo da doença pulmonar pós-tuberculose. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia [Internet]. 2024 Jan 05 [cited 2026 May 25] 49(6):e20230269. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/jWWTfCWp5kB8mQ5F69D4mVt/?lang=pt. DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230269

Published

2026-07-02

How to Cite

Epidemiological Profile of Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Brazil between 2016 and 2025 and the Role of Physiotherapy in Diagnosis. (2026). Fisioterapia Brasil, 27(4), 3505-3519. https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i4.1188

Most read articles by the same author(s)