Physiotherapeutic strategies in the immediate postoperative period of breast cancer: A retrospective observational study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i4.1185Keywords:
Breast Neoplasms; Postoperative Period; Primary Prevention; Lymphedema; Kinesiophobia.Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer may lead to functional complications in the postoperative period, such as lymphedema, pain, and reduced upper limb range of motion, requiring early physiotherapeutic interventions aimed at preventing complications and promoting functional rehabilitation. Objective: To characterize the profile of patients treated and to describe the physiotherapeutic strategies adopted in the immediate postoperative period of women undergoing breast cancer surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study based on the analysis of medical records from screening assessments conducted by a Physiotherapy service in a female surgical ward of a public hospital. Women in the immediate postoperative period of breast surgery, attended between February 2018 and November 2024, were included. Data were analyzed descriptively using absolute and relative frequencies and presented in tables. Results: A total of 245 medical records were analyzed, of which 12 (4.9%) were excluded due to missing data, resulting in a sample of 233 patients. Regarding the mode of diagnosis, 130 (56%) identified the disease through self-examination and 61 (26%) through mammography. Quadrantectomy was the most frequent surgical procedure, accounting for 66 cases (28%). Inflammatory signs were not observed in 151 (65.6%) patients, and 114 (51%) were referred for physiotherapeutic follow-up. All patients received instructions for early mobilization of the upper limbs, including active free exercises aimed at improving shoulder mobility, reinforced by educational materials. After one week, no signs of lymphedema or limitation in range of motion were observed in the reassessed patients. Conclusion: Physiotherapeutic strategies implemented in the immediate postoperative period were relevant for preventing complications and promoting upper limb mobility and functionality, highlighting the importance of early physiotherapy intervention in this context.
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