Do physiotherapists know how to use scientific evidence to screen risk of falls in aged people? A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Over the past decades, the high prevalence of falls among older adults has remained steady. Proper assessments enable the identification of those at greater risk, facilitating the implementation of preventive measures. Objective: This study identified the most frequently used assessment tools by physical therapists for fall risk screening in older adults and examined the use of scientific evidence in the selection of these tools. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Data were collected through a digital questionnaire addressing aspects such as academic background, patient population, tools used for balance and fall risk assessment, and the type of study design supporting tool selection. Results: Thirty-two physical therapists participated in the study. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were the most cited tools for balance assessment, with TUG being the predominant choice for fall risk screening. The BBS was not used for this purpose. Case studies were the primary source of evidence for tool selection. Approximately 22% (n=7) of the physical therapists reported not performing fall risk assessments in older adults. Conclusion: The preference for TUG, despite its low sensitivity, combined with the reliance on case studies, reflects a limited understanding of scientific methodology in selecting assessment tools. Strengthening physical therapists’ training in scientific methodology is essential to ensure the use of valid and reliable tools for fall risk screening.