Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among teachers at a higher education institution in Foz do Iguaçu

Abstract

Introduction: Studies highlight that work is essential in the lives of both men and women; however, when performed in inappropriate situations, it can be harmful to health. Certain groups of workers, due to their occupational characteristics, become more susceptible to developing work-related musculoskeletal pain. These disorders affect a wide range of occupations and are recognized as one of the main causes of work-related disability. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in professors at a higher education institution in Foz do Iguaçu. Methods: The study, of an observational, exploratory, and cross-sectional nature with a quantitative approach, was carried out at a higher education institution in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, with the objective of investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among professors. Data collection took place between July and August 2024, through an online questionnaire, applied to 35 professors, aged between 24 and 63 years, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three validated questionnaires were used: SF-36, Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire (NSQN) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Data analysis was quantitative, with results presented in percentages and means, describing the sociodemographic profile and the areas most affected by musculoskeletal complaints. Results: The results showed that 77.1% (27) of the teachers reported musculoskeletal complaints, with the most affected regions being the neck, lower back and shoulders. Most teachers (71.4%) (25) sat for most of their working time. In addition, 62.9% (22) of the participants were between 24 and 35 years old and 82.9% (29) worked up to 20 hours per week. It was also observed that perceived stress was higher among women, with a mean of 18.7 on the PSS-10 scale, compared to 15.6 among men. These findings highlight the need for intervention. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among teachers, especially in the neck, lower back, and shoulder regions. These problems are associated with factors such as environmental posture and excessive use of technology. Perceived stress, especially among women, was also high. Based on our results, we recommend the implementation of ergonomic instructions and stress management programs to improve teachers' occupational health and quality of life, which may have a positive impact.