Aquatic therapies on strategies and outcomes related to chronic low back pain: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v25i5.1020Keywords:
Aquatic exercise; low back pain; chronic pain.Abstract
Introduction: Chronic low back pain is a disease that affects any age and gender, and is one of the main causes of incidences of musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: Describe and identify the best therapeutic aquatic exercise strategy for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and the specific knowledge that favors its practice. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PEDro, and Embase. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the risk of bias analysis through the Cochrane Handbook scale were utilized. Results: Nine studies were included for qualitative analysis. The benefits of fluid mechanics, viscosity, and water temperature are variables that should be explored in protocols. There is a potential to challenge different immersion depths, providing participants with 90% of their body weight relief and more specific therapies with mobilizations at deeper water levels. Conclusion: This research identified that a duration of at least 8 weeks, carried out 2 to 3 times a week and a service time of between 30 and 50 minutes, may be the best strategy with therapeutic aquatic exercise for CLBP. However, it is important that the professional is aware of the physical particularities of aquatic therapy, such as water depth, temperature, buoyancy and immersion levels, which are essential for a good treatment design.
References
OMS. Organização Mundial da Saúde alerta que 80% da população já teve ou terá dor na coluna. 02/02/2021. Published 2021. Accessed September 11, 2023. https://jornal.usp.br/atualidades/organizacao-mundial-da-saude-alerta-que-80-da-populacao-ja-teve-ou-tera-dor-na-coluna/
Cruz-Ferreira A, Fernandes J, Laranjo L, Bernardo LM, Silva A. A systematic review of the effects of pilates method of exercise in healthy people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(12):2071-2081. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.018
Rezai V, Mahdavi-Nejad R, Zolaktaf V. Comparing the Effects of Different Types of Aquatic Walking on Endurance and Electrical Activities of Spine Extensor Muscles in Men with Nonspecific Chronic Back Pain. Int J Prev Med. 2020;11:168. doi:10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_403_19
Salgado A. Saude Integral Fisioterapia Corpo Mente. 4a. (Andreoli, ed.).; 2020.
Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020;161(9):1976-1982. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939
Malta DC, Bernal RTI, Ribeiro EG, Ferreira E de MR, Pinto RZ, Pereira CA. Dor crônica na coluna entre adultos brasileiros: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2022;25. doi:10.1590/1980-549720220032.2
Vasconcelos FH, Araújo GC de. Prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil: a descriptive study. Brazilian J Pain. 2018;1(2). doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20180034
Gabriel MRS, Petit JD, Carril ML de S. Fisioterapia Em Traumatologia, Ortopedia e Reumatologia. Revinter; 2001. https://books.google.com.br/books?id=AYtRAAAACAAJ
Meyer C, Denis CM, Berquin AD. Secondary prevention of chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of clinical trials. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;61(5):323-338. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.03.002.
Paudel K, Adhikari TB, Khanal P, et al. Sleep quality and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Shivashankar R, ed. PLOS Glob Public Heal. 2022;2(2):e0000012. doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000012
Silva M, Tottoli C, Mascarenhas K, Marques Y, Toledo A, Carregaro R. A cinesiofobia está associada a distúrbios de equilíbrio dinâmico em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica não-específica? Brazilian J Pain. 2022;5. doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20220014
Lunkes LC, Vieira FHF, Santos CEV, Garcia ÂS, Vilella RC. Influence of the type of locus of health control on the levels of disability and kinesiophobia in chronic low back pain. Brazilian J Pain. 2021;4(4). doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20210055
Cruz-Díaz D, Romeu M, Velasco-González C, Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F. The effectiveness of 12 weeks of Pilates intervention on disability, pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018;32(9):1249-1257. doi:10.1177/0269215518768393
Peng MS, Wang R, Wang YZ, et al. Efficacy of Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise vs Physical Therapy Modalities for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2142069. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42069
Baena-Beato PA, Arroyo-Morales M, Delgado-Fernêndez M, Gatto-Cardia MC, Artero EG. Effects of Different Frequencies (2–3 Days/Week) of Aquatic Therapy Program in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain. A Non-Randomized Comparison Trial. Pain Med. 2013;14(1):145-158. doi:10.1111/pme.12002
Mirmoezzi M, Irandoust K, H’mida C, et al. Efficacy of hydrotherapy treatment for the management of chronic low back pain. Irish J Med Sci (1971 -). 2021;190(4):1413-1421. doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02447-5
Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n160. doi:10.1136/bmj.n160
Murad MH, Asi N, Alsawas M, Alahdab F. New evidence pyramid. Evid Based Med. 2016;21(4):125-127. doi:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110401
Santos CM da C, Pimenta CA de M, Nobre MRC. The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):508-511. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al., Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Cochrane Statistical Methods Grou. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ2011;343:d5928. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 pmid:22008217
Ansari S, Elmieh A, Alipour A. The effect of aquatic exercise on functional disability, flexibility and function of trunk muscles in postmenopausal women with chronic non-specific low back pain: Randomized controlled trial. Sci Sports. 2021;36(3):e103-e110. doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2020.07.00
Palladino L, Ruotolo I, Berardi A, Carlizza A, Galeoto G. Efficacy of aquatic therapy in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spinal Cord. 2023;61(6):317-322. doi:10.1038/s41393-023-00892-4
Psycharakis SG, Coleman SGS, Linton L, Kaliarntas K, Valentin S. Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Exercises in People With and Without Low Back Pain. Phys Ther. 2019;99(3):297-310. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzy150
Kim KS, An J, Kim JO, Lee MY, Lee BH. Effects of Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Lumbar Stabilization Exercise on Strength and Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pers Med. 2022;12:303. doi:10.3390/jpm1202030
Pires D, Cruz EB, Caeiro C. Aquatic exercise and pain neurophysiology education versus aquatic exercise alone for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;29(6):538-547. doi:10.1177/0269215514549033
Martínez-Carbonell Guillamón E, Burgess L, Immins T, Martínez-Almagro Andreo A, Wainwright TW. Does aquatic exercise improve commonly reported predisposing risk factors to falls within the elderly? A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):52. doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1065-7
Dundar U, Solak O, Yigit I, Evcik D, Kavuncu V. Clinical Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise to Treat Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(14). https://journals.lww.com/spinejournal/fulltext/2009/06150/clinical_effectiveness_of_aquatic_exercise_to.3.aspx
Suh J, Hayoung K, Jung G, Ko J, Ryu JS. The effect of lumbar stabilization and walking exercises on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98:e16173. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016173
Hanney WJ, Masaracchio M, Liu X, Kolber MJ. The Influence of Physical Therapy Guideline Adherence on Healthcare Utilization and Costs among Patients with Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156799-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156799
Huang AH, Chou WH, Wang WTJ, Chen WY, Shih YF. Effects of early aquatic exercise intervention on trunk strength and functional recovery of patients with lumbar fusion: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10716. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37237-3
Skúladóttir H, Sveinsdottir H, Holden JE, Gunnarsdóttir TJ, Halldorsdottir S, Björnsdottir A. Pain, Sleep, and Health-Related Quality of Life after Multidisciplinary Intervention for Chronic Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10233. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910233
Nsengimana A, Mugabo E, Niyonsenga J, et al. Sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Rwanda: a comparative study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):265. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-27573-9
Kędra A, Kolwicz-Gańko A, Kędra P, Bochenek A, Czaprowski D. Back pain in physically inactive students compared to physical education students with a high and average level of physical activity studying in Poland. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):501. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1858-9
Xie Y, Liu S, Chen XJ, Yu HH, Yang Y, Wang W. Effects of Exercise on Sleep Quality and Insomnia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.664499
Lucena FAN, Livramento RA. Atuação Fisioterapêutica Através Da Hidroterapia Na Dor Lombar Em Gestantes. Brazilian J Implantol Heal Sci. 2023;5(5):2256-2268. doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p2256-2268
Doliny AEF, Silva AZ da, Mocelin TK, Israel VL. Aquatic physical therapy effects on cardiorespiratory variables in Parkinson’s disease. Fisioter em Mov. 2023;36(e36126). doi:10.1590/fm.2023.36126
Maher CG. Effective physical treatment for chronic low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004;35(1):57-64. doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(03)00088-9
Lee B, Kim G, Jo Y, Lee B, Shin YI, Hong C. Aquatic Exercise at Thermoneutral Water Temperature Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses. Immune Netw. 2019;19(2). doi:10.4110/in.2019.19.e10
John JN, Ugwu EC, Okezue OC, et al. Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2023;45(16):2651-2659. doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2103747
Vieira ASM, Vidal DG, Sousa HFP e, Dinis MAP, Sá KN. Educação em saúde para indivíduos com dor crônica: ensaio clínico. Brazilian J Pain. 2022;5(1):1-8. doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20220013
Araújo JNF de, Lima MVA, Nakamura G. Analgesic effect of pregabalin and magnesium sulfate after mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy. Brazilian J Pain. 2022;5(1). doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20220008
Moini Jazani A, Nasimi Doost Azgomi H, Nasimi Doost Azgomi A, Hossein Ayati M, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R. Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy on sleep quality: a systematic review. Int J Biometeorol. 2023;67(6):975-991. doi:10.1007/s00484-023-02471-x
Bates A, Hanson N, Paulo MN. Exercícios Aquáticos Terapêuticos. Manole. (Manole, ed.).; 1998. Accessed September 11, 2023. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1084549
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fernanda Aquino Costa, Ruy Luiz Lorenzetti Branco, Priscila Rodrigues Gil, Neivo André Lima Bazzanella, Tamiris Beppler Martins, Francisco Camolesi Ide, Micheline Henrique Araujo Da Luz Koerich, Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento (Autor)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
Autores têm autorização para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
