Pneumonia in adults: Epidemiological aspects, hospitalizations, and diagnostic perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/fb.v27i8.1279Keywords:
Pneumonia; Epidemiology; Hospitalization; Diagnostic Imaging; Artificial Intelligence.Abstract
Introduction: Pneumonia remains a significant public health issue among adults, associated with high morbidity and a substantial demand for hospitalizations. Understanding its epidemiological behavior, combined with improvements in diagnostic strategies, is crucial for enhancing care quality and identifying vulnerable populations. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological aspects of pneumonia in adults, the profile and trends of hospitalizations related to the disease, and diagnostic perspectives described in the literature. Methods: This is an integrative, qualitative, and descriptive review conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and BVS databases. A total of 175 records were identified, 25 of which were excluded due to duplication. After screening and eligibility assessment, six studies comprised the final sample. Results: The studies highlighted the significance of pneumonia as a cause of hospitalization, with variations in case distribution based on population, geographic, and temporal characteristics. Epidemiological analyses demonstrated the substantial burden the disease places on health services. Regarding diagnosis, the potential of artificial intelligence—particularly convolutional neural networks applied to chest radiographs—was identified as an auxiliary tool for pneumonia detection. However, the heterogeneity of the studies and the predominance of retrospective designs limit the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: Pneumonia has a significant epidemiological and hospital-related impact on the adult population. Monitoring hospitalization trends and developing new diagnostic technologies can contribute to improved surveillance and care, although further studies are needed to validate their applicability across different clinical settings.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Emilly Santana Sales , Isadora Farias Sousa, Bianca Guerra de Freitas, Filipe Alves Costa Barbosa (Autor)
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