Functional health literacy as a determining factor in the burden on informal caregivers of older adults: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid aging of the Brazilian population has increased the prevalence of chronic conditions and functional dependence, intensifying the demand for informal caregivers, who generally lack technical training. In this context, Functional Health Literacy (FHL) emerges as a critical determinant for the quality of care and for modulating the burden on these caregivers, directly influencing their ability to interpret clinical information, manage therapies, and make safe decisions. Objective: We analyzed how Functional Health Literacy acts as a determining factor in the burden on informal caregivers of older adults, based on evidence available in the scientific literature. Methods: Integrative Literature Review, conducted using a structured protocol. The search was conducted in national and international databases, using previously established descriptors. After the screening process, 10 studies were selected to compose the final sample. Results: Studies show that caregivers with low LFS are more vulnerable to overload, have difficulty understanding prescriptions, feel insecure about therapeutic management, and are less adherent to self-care. Factors such as low education, low income, cohabitation, and prolonged care intensify this scenario. Educational interventions have demonstrated a positive impact, significantly reducing overload and increasing caregiver autonomy. Although contextual variables also influence burnout, LFS stands out as a central mediator among these determinants. Conclusion: LFS is a structuring axis for mitigating the burden on informal caregivers and should be incorporated as a priority in public policies, training programs, and care practices in order to promote safer, more autonomous, and sustainable care.