Impacts of thyroid hormone dysfunction on pregnancy and fetal brain development: a integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/eb.v23i6.4038Keywords:
Thyroid gland; pregnancy; fetal development.Abstract
Introduction: the balance of thyroid hormones (TH) during pregnancy is vital for brain development, being a critical point in the fetal period, since dysfunctions in the thyroid gland (GT) result in the desalination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Objective: to investigate the relationship between maternal thyroid dysfunctions and fetal brain development in the literature. Methods: Integrative review, organized in six stages, carried out in October 2023, with a search in the databases that make up the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) via PubMed, in the period between 2011 and 2023. Results: the sample consisted of seven studies, which showed a higher incidence of abnormal thyroid function in ASD, without association with ADHD. They highlighted the effectiveness of iodine and levothyroxine (LT4) supplementation during pregnancy for fetal brain protection. Early diagnosis avoided complications during pregnancy and with the fetus. Conclusion: maternal thyroid disease affects the fetal nervous system, with impacts on neuronal formation and cognitive development. Treatment during pregnancy is crucial to protect fetal functions, although further studies are needed to better understand the effects on infant cognitive function.
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